Cyborg-Identity

The thesis statement of the paper is â€Å"the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity†. This topic is very important from the perspective of human computer interaction and computer science today. The humans are not only able to create multiple identities on the internet, but they are also able to interact with others being in a transmutable identity. This paper will explain how these boundaries have been blurred and what joys of artifice can a person enjoy through making multiple identities on the internet.With the introduction of social networking systems in the past few years, the Cyborg identity is becoming more of a reality than a myth. The line between being the person himself and adopting another identity is getting blurred with the introduction of new technologies. Cyborg: a Metaphor? With the combination of hardware, software and internet, the cyborg identity can be identified as one of the most visible figures of the cybernetic age. Cyborg is a biological being with another identity or a kinetic state that can be adopted easily when switching between environments.This could only be achieved through technological augmentation. Although the kinetic state of a cyborg identity is not real and can be referred to as virtual reality, but it allows one to escape from the physical constraints and confinement of the body and recreate a new digital identity through the use of graphics, three-dimensional technology, internet, hardware and a combination of software. The use of these devices and concepts has not only allowed the humans to create their cyborg identities, but also to experience new worlds and environments through that identity.With the global adoption of the World Wide Web, the cyborg identity has evolved strategically in our imaginations as a metaphor of the 21st Century. According to Kevin Warwick, humans have now become cyb orgs through conducting a series of ground breaking experiments and innovations. Kevin Warwick, who is a professor of robotics and cybernetics, believes that the humans have got the power to change their identity in the virtual world where time and place does not matter (Stephen).Transforming into another identity can cost nothing to the humans. They just need to register on the virtual worlds on the internet, design their new identity and just start interacting with the environment. This ease of identity transformation could have never perceived in the past. However, cyborg can now never be used as a metaphor as cyborgs now exist (Nishant). The Ease of Transforming It was never thought that humans could be identified as cyborgs and it was not even imagined that becoming a cyborg would be so easy and free of cost.For a cyborg experience, a person just has to connect to the internet, register himself on the website, create an avatar and then the human is ready to experience a digital body and physique. Most of the websites do not even require any payment to register the users while the others which are more secure require as little payment as US$ 5. To design the identity and the physical look of the cyborg in the virtual world, a number of software are available which are very easy to use. Transforming the identity is now a requirement for the business professionals as well as the youngsters who want to socialize in their social circle.A person is required to switch to his digital identity when making payments online and when getting involved in the digital transaction on the internet. Cyborg is now a mechanism that is crucial for the survival of urban human beings (Nishant). A person is not required to take classes or lessons for creating a digital identity in the 21st Century, nor are billions of dollars required to get transformed. Switching identity to and fro the digital world and the real world is much easier and cheaper than it was though in the past.Te chnological breakthroughs have allowed this ease of switching to the digital identity. The capabilities and the abilities that are learnt by the cyborg in one of the identities can be used in other identity efficiently and effectively in today’s world. These aspects of the digital identity are blurring the boundaries between the self being and the different digital identities. Artifice through Graphics In social networking websites and virtual worlds, the use of virtual bodies and digital identities are getting more and more common.According to the academics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the humans are just a year away from being able to download their consciousness into the computers (Land). The humans have the power to design different bodies, control them and change them whenever they want through the use of graphic software. The digital appearance of the humans might not be the same as the real appearance. This is why a person is said to be creating a differen t identity through the use of internet. The new identity over the internet is an artificial identity which may not resemble the real identity of a person.The personal attributes such as the name, weight, skin color, hair color, eyes, nose and built might be differently represented over the internet. The Boundaries between Fact and Fiction The humans have the power to intermingle fact and fiction as they have got the power to generate new identities and transform to a form of machine. The interaction with other digital humans over the internet might just be based on lies and the identity may be based on fiction. Different cultures and the aspects of nature that do not even exist in reality can be designed in the virtual worlds.The boundaries between fact and fiction have also blurred with the advent of digital identities. Human and computer interaction has been increased at a rate that was never imagined. Instead of interacting with the real world, an urban person spends most of the time on computers and internet in the virtual worlds. With the boundaries between fact and fiction diminishing over the internet, the new generation might not even be aware of the real world as all the interactions are taking place in the virtual world.With redefinition of the sense of one’s own body in a world changed by culture and technology, the humans are more likely to experience fiction than facts. The humans might like to live in the world of fantasy than in the real world. According to Nishant, this may make us the things that we have created (Nishant). An example is that a person who is gay might fulfill his fantasies on the internet through creating a digital identity and interacting with other men. In real life the person might be very scared of the society and afraid of others to fulfill his fantasies (Dennis). DehumanizingWith the help of social networking websites such as Facebook. com Web 2. 0 applications like activeworlds. com and secondlife. com, the person is able to create a different identity which is unreal. These websites and application are forcing the humans to dehumanize and get involved in computer devices and software most of the time (Land). While the person is switched to the digital identity, he feels that he is living in a cyborg dream. Everything is unreal and still feels real. Most of the interaction today in the youngsters is done on social community websites such as Facebook.com and myspace. com. Profiles are the identifiers of these humans which contain the physical attribute and pictorial attributes. These profiles can be unreal as well as there are no checks done to prevent unrealism. The attributes such as name, gender and age can be misrepresented on the internet to consumer unfair advantage over the other (Liff). The advances in technology and the movement towards cybernetic humans have forced us to ignore many issues that will be faced by the computer experts in the future. ConclusionIt has been revealed in th e discussion that the ability of the human beings to change identities in a technology-dominated world has blurred the boundaries between original identity and the digital identity. A human is started is be identified through the digital identity and this identity now plays a crucial part in the life of a human. Works Cited Dennis, C. â€Å"Gay, Queer, and Cyborg: the performance of identity in a transglobal age. † Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 22. 3 (2001): 297-309. Grey, J. â€Å"Human-Computer Interaction in Life Drawing, a Fine Artist’s Perspective.† Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information Visualisation (IV’02). The Computer Society, 2002. Land, C. â€Å"Book Review : How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. † Information Technology & People 14. 1 (2001): 350. Liff, S. â€Å"Book Review : Virtual Gender: Technology, Consumption and Identity. † Information Technology & People 16. 4 (2003): 484-486. Nishant, S. â€Å"Material cyborgs; asserted boundaries. † European Journal of English Studies 12. 2 (2008): 211-225. Stephen, K. I, Cyborg. University of Illinois Press, 2004.

Scholarly Paper

The caring component of nursing encompasses much more than a combination of scientific and the technical. It encompasses the mandates a balance of â€Å"the head, the heart, and the hands† or â€Å"the science, the skill, and the spirit.† Nursing has its roots in the humanities, which address the wholeness of the persons for whom we care. Nursing has been sanctioned by society; nursing care satisfies a real human need. Nursing mandates the interaction with people at the most intimate level during the most crucial and critical times in their lives. And yet, the liberal arts in our educational programs continue to diminish to accommodate the scientific knowledge necessary to practice nursing. Nurse midwives provide comprehensive prenatal care including delivery for patients who are at low risk for complications. For the most part, they manage normal prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care. Provided that there are no complications, normal newborns are also cared for by a nurse midwife. Nurse midwives often provide primary care for women's issues from puberty post menopause. As a profession that seemingly demonstrates many of the same behaviors as obstetrics and gynecologist, we need to not only demonstrate but also document how midwifery differs from obstetrics and gynecology. Although the behaviors that a midwife, a physician a nurse- practitioner, or a physician's assistant demonstrate when providing women's health care may be similar, the origin, attitudes, and perception of the care may be radically different. If midwives truly provide women- oriented care with a focus on excellence in the process of providing care and attentiveness to outcomes, this should clearly be reflected in each client's medical record. Nurses long have been concerned with the psycho-social responses of clients to health and health alterations. The interrelationship of physiological and psychological heath requires careful attention to both dimensions within the client's family, cultural, and environmental context, and with consideration of the client's developmental level. (Tharpe, 2006, p, 1) Psycho-social functioning has two components: intrapersonal and interpersonal. Intrapersonal functioning refers to that which goes on within the individual, whereas interpersonal functioning involves a person's interactions or relationships with others. During the intrapersonal and interpersonal assessment the nurse's attention should focus on the client's current psychosocial status, with enough history to yield an appreciation of the individual's present â€Å"self.† For a comprehensive approach, the intrapersonal and interpersonal components of the nursing assessment should not be isolated from other parts of the assessment. For example, while assessing a client's physiological status, the client's interaction with and responses to the nurse provide information about cognitive style, affect, and language. (Styles, Patricia 1996, 7) The current motto of the American College of Nurse-Midwives- â€Å"With women, for lifetime†- summarizes concisely the vast area of midwifery health care. While the name â€Å"midwife† conjures images of pregnancy care and attendance at birth, the fact is that for century's midwives have been called upon to assist women in health care matters that have extended beyond childbearing. Historically, midwives have helped women with issues regarding menarche, menstruation, and menopause. And this historical role has not only extended throughout the twentieth century but has expanded further. (Vaeney, 2004, p, 380) Reference Bellack, P, Janis. Barbara, J, Edlund. (1992). Nursing Assessment and Diagnosis, London: Jones & Barlett Publishers, 337 Cody, K, Willam. Kenny W, Janet. (2006). Philosophical and Theoretical Perspectives for Advanced Nursing Practice, London: Jones & Barlett Publishers Styles, Madden, Margretta. Patricia, Moccia. (1996) On Nursing: A Literary Celebration: an Anthology, London: Jones & Barlett Publishers, 7 Tharpe, L, Nell. (2006) Clinical Practice Guidelines for Midwifery & Women's Health, London: Jones & Barlett Publishers, 1 Vaeney, Helen. Kriebs, M, Jan. Margretta, L, Carolyn. (2004). Verney's Midwifery: fourth edition, London: Jones & Barlett Publishers, 380      

Brown Girl Broownstone by Paule Marshall Essay

Paule Marshall writes about the social issues, the aspects and standards of lack persons living in America. Novels written in 1959 and it explores the black immigrants search for identity in American society. The novel wrote against the stereotypes of the black race and it was a milestone for African-American Fiction. Race and gender are discussed simultaneously as she speaks out against racism and presents her female character as being different form the stereotype The novel centres on Selina who suffers a traumatic childhood through to womanhood and has her psyche damaged by comparing herself to the white ideology of what makes a teenage girl beautiful. She feels inadequate because she does not math up to the definition of white elegance She also faces an internal struggle due to the fact that both her parents have differing ideologies. The title ‘Brownstones’ refers to the milieu in which the central characters live. The novel begins in 1939 and it opens with the last white residence leaving the brownstones and selling/renting to the Barbadian community . The house, the acquiring of such and the attitude towards the house defined the characters. The house therefore becomes a central symbol in the novel. The title of the novel signal the life of Selina the brown juxtaposes the girl is synonymous to the racial and gender issues at work in the novel. Placing the brownstones next to the girl browngirl emphasises the importance of personal development and individuality. The marshalls description of the brownstones is very telling and suggested â€Å"under the thick ivy each house had something distinctively its own these brownstones appear as if they were one house even though individuality is there.† But the novel also suggests that theses brownstones all share the same tragic fate. They are all draped in ivy as though mourning† The novel is divided into four books. Book 1 entitled A Long Day and A long Night; it sets up the basic tension between n Selina’s parents Silla and Deighton (dispute over land). The second book is titled Pastoral, Selina who is on the verge of adolescence. Selina who goes to Beryl to find a sense of freedom †¦here we find †¦. The third book title war corresponds with the world war 2 but is also significant as a symbol of the Barbadian community’s war against racism as well as the conflict between Silla and Deighton The last book title Selina concludes the novel, rev eals the attempts to come to terms with her father as well as a discovery of her true self. The final aspects of her growth are detailed in this section. It  is through the relationship with Clive that Selina realizes the numerous similarities between herself and her mother. In the novel the protagonists realizes that the mother is a fellow victim of racism rather than her enemy. Major themes in Brown Girl Broownstone 1. The Search for Identity 2. The racial issues and relationships 3. Femininity and Gender 4. The Effects of Migration/ Capitalism on the individual 5. The Relationship between the private and the Public, the Personal and the Communal, the Individual vs the Community 6. The Impact of the Environment/ Personal Setting on Personal Development 7. Sexual Awareness and Exploration 8. Nostalgia and the West Indian Condition 9. Male/ Female Relationships and Family Structural and Technical Devices Used by the Writer 1. Form- Bildungsroman, it is written predominantly in 3rd pov. , divided into four books, the use of quotations from the Barbadian community as preludes 2. Symbolism- The title brownstone houses, Deighton’s land, Barbados, the presence and absence of light is symbolic of awareness, knowledge and maturity 3. Some characters who are symbols are Suggie, Miss Thompson, Miss Mary, Beryl, the Homeowners Association 4. Structural Elements- use of West Indian Vernacular (used to show a sense of identity with their West Indian counterparts) 5. Characterization (in this novel characters are developed through relationships with other characters along with the setting and the author’s description ) 6. Plot Structure (the plot is linear and chronological allowing for the adequate development of Selina 7. Setting – New York vs. Barbados and the tension of place

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example Ganesan was on temporary assignment at Kurunegala and was hoping to return to the central office in Colombo. In this case there is no communication about the appointment because the district manager is not aware, and the letter was from the top management. The scenario is depressing because the former manager was not demoted, promoted and neither was he transferred to another branch. In this situation, one feels insecure about the job and is not sure when he/she will lose the position. Insufficent flow of information by the top management and the district manager’s office exhibits lack of efficiency in the organization. As argued by Ferreira, Erasmus & Groenewald (2009), communication is the foundation of all relationships (p.94). The successful organization performance relies on the efficient transfer of details. Communication influences the operations of an organization and affects decision-making. It is, therefore, evident that the bank’s top management viewed Ganesan as the most appropriate individual to take over the position of the branch manager. From his experience of interacting with the community during his field assignments, he possessed a lot of information about what happened in the society. It is easy for him to be cautious when making decisions about loans. According to Taussig (2007), a successful bank manager must have the quality of excellent judgment (p.350). He/she must be able to make a good judge of businesses, as well as people . As the branch manager, I would establish the most efficient mode of communication. The Colombo National Bank did not have modern means of communication that contributed to a lot of time wastage. The organization needs a well-defined communication network that will enable communication and information to flow to the target group. The bank comprises of various people integrating internally and externally. Therefore, it is paramount to

Ethical case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Ethical case - Essay Example This paper thus discusses the issues facing Lisa when challenging current policies and procedures of the acquired company from both ethical and professional perspectives. One ethical issue Lisa applied was ensuring that the corporate assets were secure. In her one year in charge as the financial manager, she faced a significant acquisition with a total cost of $10 billion. Her company acquired a prestige fragrance company. Lisa’s challenge in this case was to ensure that the acquired company came together with the parent organization in an ethical, appropriate manner. She also had to ensure that there were no unethical practices on the part of the project. Also, the management team responsible for the acquisition and integration of the company. Additionally, she had to ensure that the acquired companies were not practicing inappropriate accounting practices in order to inflate their sales or earnings. One of the stakeholders involved in ethical issue is Lisa, but he faced opposition from the controller Mr. Anderson. Lisa prepared a meeting with the parent company with a focus on accounting manual and a plan for valuation of the company’s assets. It was apparent that these documents were of little interest to Mr. Anderson. He was polite and professional, but his management style was clearly dictatorial. Anderson had worked for twelve years in the Prestige Fragrance Company and attained some several promotions. He was a CPA, who had a background in major accounting firm and had contributed a lot in the growth of the company. All this earned him respect from the Board of Directors, but it was evident that he was not happy to be in part of a smaller division in a much larger company. Lisa was very concerned about the acquired assets and the unusually high proportion of â€Å"other assets† on the balance sheet. This made her to review her preliminary observation with Anderson. She was of the view that often items in this category

Blakes Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience with Walt Whitmans Essay

Blakes Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience with Walt Whitmans Leaves of Grass - Essay Example In order to draw the relation of contrast and comparison between Blake’s Songs of Innocence and Experience and Whitman’s Leaves of Grass, it is quintessential to learn that both William Blake in his â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience† and Walt Whitman’s â€Å"Leaves of Grass† serve as a critique of their respective societies during the contemporary frame of time. However, Blake’s approach towards societal institutions was very much different from that of Whitman and upon this paradigm the discourse of contrast can be woven effectively for both the works. For example, if Blake’s view upon religion verses man and Whitman’s propositions upon the same area are taken into consideration, one can draw the effective conclusion that Whitman believed that existence of God is in everything and therefore God is equal to all the existing features around. To explicate this, he writes in the poem ‘Song of Myself’, â€Å"I he ar and behold God in every object, yet I understand God not in the least, Nor do I understand who there can be more wonderful than myself†. For Blake, the concept of God revolves round the unification of man with God which is more for the purpose of redeeming mankind rather than seeking the existence of God unlike Whitman, Blake had an exclusive Christian vision pertaining to the unification of God with human soul and pondered much upon the hypocrisy of religion in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience.... ion verses man and Whitman’s propositions upon the same area are taken into consideration, one can draw the effective conclusion that Whitman believed that existence of God is in everything and therefore God is equal to all the existing features around. To explicate this, he writes in the poem ‘Song of Myself’, â€Å"I hear and behold God in every object, yet I understand God not in the least, Nor do I understand who there can be more wonderful than myself† (Whitman 72). For Blake, the concept of God revolves round the unification of man with God which is more for the purpose of redeeming mankind rather than seeking the existence of God unlike Whitman, Blake had an exclusive Christian vision pertaining to the unification of God with human soul and pondered much upon the hypocrisy of religion in the Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. In poems such as â€Å"Holy Thursday† and â€Å"The Little Vagabond†, Blake criticizes the religion as an institution by vehemently attacking the spiritual leaders who have used wrongly or more precisely abused their religious authority. The men who should guide their followers as shepherds take care of their flocks, in the eyes of Blake are actually practicing and making space for the reinforcement of a socio-economic and socio-political system that are dehumanizing small innocent children into chimney sweepers and follow a repressing action in order to curb and curtail the human emotions of love and creativity among adults. In ‘Holy Thursday’, Blake writes, â€Å"Is this a holy thing to see,   In a rich and fruitful land,   Babes reduced to misery,   Fed with cold and usurous hand?   Is that trembling cry a song?   Can it be a song of joy?   And so many children poor?  (Gillham 18) With regard to the societal criticism

Dose family structure affect education more than income Essay

Dose family structure affect education more than income - Essay Example Comparative to income, the structure of the family has more influence on the way an individual performs academically. The structure of the family from which a child comes matters a lot to their performance in school. That is because of the various strains and stress levels present in the different family structures. Some of the family structures that may be under consideration include traditional nuclear families where both parents are present, single mother families, single father families and families headed by grandparents. All these family types impact academic performance differently depending on the issues the children face at home. Research shows that children from traditional nuclear families perform better academically as compared to those from the other family structures. That may be because their parents are more involved in their academic activities and expect more from them (Ginther and Pollak 3). The children from such families experience lower levels of stress, if any and the parents allocate more time and financial support to them (Pong and Thompson 683). They also provide parental guidance and direction thus boosting their academic performance. Single parent families bring about several challenges to children growing up in those families. Some of the problems facing such children include lack of attention, lack of motivation and assurance as well as appreciation, which may cause stress to them. That affects their academic achievements. A comparison to children from stable, traditional nuclear families shows that these children from single parent families tend to have lower educational attainment (Ginther and Pollak 6). The different classifications of single parent families also show different levels of academic achievement among children. Children from female-headed single parent families tend to record better

Kennedy Tapes Journalism article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Kennedy Tapes Journalism - Article Example 22, 1963 in Dallas (John 8). Before and after becoming the president, Kennedy used a recording machine known as Dictaphone, typically for dictating notes or letters. In the given summer of 1962, he requested Secret Service Agent Robert Buck to hide recording devices in the Oval Office, the Cabinet Room, and a library in the Mansion. He placed in the given basement of the given West Wing of the given White House two of these machines. This was a room set aside for storing private president’s files. He placed another in the basement of the Mansion (John 13). The West Wing recorders were connected by a wire to two microphones inside the Oval Office and two in the Cabinet Room. The two in the Cabinet Room were on the exterior wall, placed in two spots and covered by drapes. They got activated using a switch near the President’s sit at the Cabinet table easily being mistaken for a signal press. About microphones in the Oval Office, one placed in the kneehole of the President ’s desk and the other concealed under a coffee table athwart the room. Each of them turned on plus off with a given push on an unobtrusive button (John 7). In the paragraphs below are the most fascinating excerpts in these tapes. ... Washington Bubble Even about 50 years ago the president had worries over the disconnection between Washington D.C., from the rest of the nation. â€Å"We have got so mechanical an operation in Washington that it does not have much distinctiveness where these people get concerned,† he said to his aides. ‘Color Is Damn Good’. Kennedy worried on the minutiae in his political campaign too. Discussing the 1964 convention, he held that he wanted videos to be colored. â€Å"Should they be in color?† he asked (Richard Dean Burns 57).  . â€Å"They would come over the T.V in black and white,† (Richard Dean Burns 65).   I do not know if maybe they would come over the NBC 1in color. Perhaps a million watching it colored and it would have a cause. I do not know how much expensive it is. Be rather an effect on the convention. The color is damn good when done right† (Richard Dean Burns 40).   Frustration over Vietnam During an assembly in September 196 3, President Kennedy vented his frustration with contradictory reports about the Vietnam’s civil war. Gen. Victor Krulak was hopeful while State Department counselor Joseph Mendenhall, on the same fact finding operation, said there was extensive military and social restlessness. â€Å"You both went to the same nation,† Asked Kennedy (Richard Dean Burns 76).  . The officials laughed apprehensively. â€Å"I mean how is that you obtain such different—this is a common thing (Richard Dean Burns 76).  . On the one hand, one finds the military saying that the war is going well, and on the other hand, the political (view) with its deterioration is influencing the military. What is the cause for the

Trust in EU Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Trust in EU - Literature review Example As a result, EU is more of an organisation for support between governments. There are three key decision making institutions which comprises the European Parliament which characterizes the EU’s inhabitants, and they pick directly, the Council of the European Union which characterizes the body member states and finally the European Commission, which characterizes the problem of the Union entirely. The institutional triangle creates the rules and regulations that apply all through the European Union. Theoretically, it is the Commission that suggests new laws, only that the Council and Parliament that puts them into practice. The member states and the Commission subsequently employ them, and the Commission inflict them. The supremacy and tasks of the EU institutions and the set of laws and measures are set down in the Treaties on which the EU is established. The Treaties are approved by the presidents and prime ministers of all the EU states and then endorsed by their parliaments . A conceptualization of trust in international relations by Hoffman, A Scholarly and guideline makers have realized a connection amid trust and the diplomatic pledge of interstate quarrels. For instance, over forty years ago, Karl Deutsch et al., (1957) identified trust as part of the strength at which peaceful relations are made. Recently, Koffi Annan, the UN secretary general characterized the December 2000 peace agreement connecting Ethiopia and Eritrea as a chance for the two countries to work for reconciling (Associated press, 12 December 2000). In 1993, there was a joint declaration of peace connecting British and Irish governments explicitly connected trust to the success of an agreed peaceful era. Nonetheless, it is evident that the failures to improve the peace that people’s understanding of how interstate associations come up is a concern that needs to be acted upon. The assumption of the traditional approach that trust is a necessary condition for cooperation is r ather invalid. Therefore, the author of this had an objective of developing a chain of actions that are more susceptible to the existence of trusting associations than already present indicators. This is therefore a theoretical project since it measures the way abstract constructs are conceptualized (Adock and Collier, 2000.et al) This article is considering to the definition of trust. Scholars concur on fundamentals that a description of trust have to comprise, with one exemption, some link trust with enthusiasm to take peril and the anticipation that others will respect specific requirements.(Baier, 1986 et al.,) they also have the same opinion that trusting relationships are behavioral expressions of trust. Snijders (1996) claims that trusting relationships develops when actors give others judgment over other concerns founded on the belief that those concerns will not be laid up. Third they also concur that the concentration and capacity of trust and trusting affairs have the abi lity for disparity. With regard to trust, intensity is the potency of an actor’s notion of the trust worth whereas regarding trusting relations; the strength is the quantity of judgment trustors give trustees over their concerns. On the other hand, Hardin contends that trust is never absolute, that it always involves a three part relation, as in A and B to do with x or subject of x (Hardin, 1998) Conversely, many others propose that trust amid parties can be wide-ranging, spreading over the

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Business Strategy - Essay Example Outsourcing and offshoring are some of the new business concepts contributed by globalization. These business strategies help the entrepreneurs to exploit overseas markets. Those who stick with the old business strategies may not take advantage of these revolutionary business concepts and may struggle to survive in the market. â€Å"Competition existed long before strategy. It began with life itself† (Henderson,1989, 139). Competition is becoming intense in every field of life and business is also not an exception. In order to stay in the market most of the organizations devises new strategies and approaches within and outside their organization. According to Markides (1999:6) â€Å"Behind every successful company there is a superior strategy; however there is little agreement on what strategy is or how to develop a good one†. This paper critically analyses the importance of strategy in business. Importance of strategy in business â€Å"There are two major types of str ategy: (1) corporate strategy, in which companies decide which line or lines of business to engage in; and (2) business or competitive strategy, which sets the framework for achieving success in a particular business†(Strategy formulation, n. d). Business strategy seems to be getting more attention than the corporate strategy because of the importance of it in determining future of the organization. ... For example, the recent financial crisis came quite unexpectedly and many big organizations struggled for survival. However, the negative effects of recession have not affected some organizations very much. For example, Apple Inc escaped from recession without much trouble whereas Lehman Brothers faced immense problems. This is because of the better business strategies of Apple Inc compared to that of Lehman Brothers. Negative entropy, Feedback and Steady state etc are some of the business strategies adopted by organizations. Negative entropy is a scenario in which organizations conserve something for the harder times. Apple Inc succeeded in conserving something for the harder times whereas Lehman Brother failed to do so. Feedback is another important business strategy through which an organization fine tunes its strategies. Negative feedback enables the organization to correct deviations or problems. For example, most of the new products developed by organizations will be tested in the market for a substantial period of time before the introduction of the final product. This is a business strategy adopted by organizations ensure the success of the new product in the market. Steady state refers to the balance to be maintained between inputs from the external environment and the outputs going back to it. In other words, â€Å"Companies should define their strategy not based on the product they are selling, but according to the underlying functionality of the product they are selling† (Markides, 1999, p.6). It is necessary to know the market requirement of a product before deciding about the amount of production. So the inputs from the market collected through various market research methods will help an organization decide about

Putting Our Brains on Hold Essay Example for Free

Putting Our Brains on Hold Essay The reading â€Å" Putting Our Brains on Hold,† by Bob Herbert, indicates that the United States is twelve among countries with college degrees. Also, this reading indicates that the percentage of people with college degrees has fallen, and that Americas young people are moving in the wrong direction at a time when college education is needed. Herbert says that engagement in issues that happen in society can lead to creative ideas and would enrich the lives of Americans. Many people are to blame for the society not engaging in the issues that happen in society. The most significant idea in this reading is parents, students, the educational establishment, government leaders, and the news media having the blame for not letting the society engage in the issues that happen to the society. Many children do badly in school because of their parents. Children of middle and upper classes are more likely to get high grades. Traumatic events can affect a child by giving that child a poor grade.The more time a parent spends with a child the more likely a child is to get a better grade. Children can do baldy in the classroom because of their carelessness.Teacher preparation is important for a teacher to be effective in the classroom. Good teacher preparation can have an affect on a students academic achievement. A teachers confidence can affect a students performance. It is important that teachers believe in themselves and in their abilities. The media can also affect childrens performance in school in a negative way. Television watching can replace activities that can help a child do better in school such as reading and doing homework. Television can also replace reading. Reading requires more thinking than television watching. Reading development. This is how television can affect a persons performance in school. Many people are not learning about the issues that happen in society. Many people are to blame for the society not engaging in the issues that happen everyday. This engagement can lead to creative ideas.

Tale of Two Cities Essay Example for Free

Tale of Two Cities Essay In the novel, â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†, Charles Dickens says that the era of the French Revolution was an era of paradox. He also says that the period was so far like the present period. This mean that our era isnt that different than the period of the French Revolution. This means that our era is also an era of paradox. The reasons why I believe that our era is also an era of paradox is that we have more, but are grateful less; we have more knowledge, but less judgment; and we have done larger things, but not better things. I believe that our era is also an era of paradox because we have more, but are grateful less. An example of this would be the larger houses we now have. Due to these larger houses, families are drifting apart. In the past, families of five or even seven children would all live in a three bedroom apartment. These families were as close as ever, they depended on each other. Now that everyone is moving into larger houses, these families are becoming more distant to one another. These larger houses may seem amazing because of how many bedrooms it has or how much space there is, but it is also breaking the families that live in it. Since there is more space, the siblings arent always in each others shadows anymore. The siblings also dont need to depend on each other as often because they are all in different parts of the house doing their own thing. Another example of this would be the expansion of infrastructure. We are building more highways and submissions which is giving others a bet ter, more comfortable way of living. However; because we are continuing to expect more, infrastructure is destroying what used to be. We are losing our natural resources and our farms from which our food comes from. In the past, we would be able to just walk down to the farm to pick up our groceries, now we have to drive to the grocery store however miles away to buy even a carton of milk. This is why I believe that our era is also an era of paradox. I believe that our era is also an era of paradox because we have more knowledge but less judgment. An example of this is the destruction due to technology. With technology constantly changing, there is no end to what we can do. Although this sounds amazing, we are forgetting that technology has caused many problems, from global warming to health problems like myopia and cancer. We are exposed to x-rays with TVs, computers, and other technology. Although many say technology makes looking up information and communicating with people a breeze, whatever you are doing on the computer, radiation is still emitted. Another example of this is the impact of technology on childre n. We live in a world of iPads, flat screen televisions, smart phones, GPS navigation systems, electric cars, and the Internet. Children now   are growing up in the fast-moving digital age. Now, toddlers can learn to count, learn to say the ABCs, learn to draw, learn their first words and recognize animal sounds, all on the iPad. At the touch of a screen, you can download all kinds of applications for your child. It is amazing, and a little scary. They are growing up learning to use a smart phone before they can even talk. The problem with this is that children have been introduced to many technological devices that is potentially pushing them into solitude. This is an alarming trend that has developed with the advent of the 21st century. Technology has taken over human lives. The younger generation nowadays would rather sit at home and chat with their friends over the Internet rather than going out and making new friends or playing with their existing friends. Whereas twenty or t hirty years ago, children use to past their time in the sandbox and put on puppet shows for their parents. This is why I believe that our era is also an era of paradox. I believe that our era is also an era of paradox because weve done larger things but not better things. For example, today, we enjoy a much safer, uncontaminated food supply, and a far more varied diet, than our parents and grandparents did. This has produced successively taller, sturdier, and healthier generations in this century. In addition, fortifying food with various nutrients, such as iodine added to salt and B vitamins added to flour, has prevented hundreds of thousands of cases of debilitating disease, and has done so in a manner that requires little or no effort from the people who benefit. However, while scientists discover how to modify our foods, we cant even figure out how to stop poverty. Its great that our nutrition has become safer to eat, but in some countries, people have no food at all. I believe that helping stop poverty and helping these poor countries receive even a loaf of bread is more important then spending months on how to figure out what chemicals to add to certain foods to make it more â€Å"safe†. Another example is how we have gone to the moon and back but yet, we cant even say hello to our new neighbor. Going to the moon is a great thing because it helped us discover so many things about our universe and has pursued scientific activities that address fundamental questions about the history of Earth, the solar system and the universe and about our place in them. However, if we are able to do all this, why cant we do something as simple as saying hello to our new neighbor. I believe that this is because we are too busy’ to make ourselves known to those who live nearest to us, or because others fear they will ‘have nothing in common’. Also, many of us treat our neighbors like ‘caretakers’ -calling on them only when they need something. There is not one thing about this that is okay. This is why I believe that our era is also an era of paradox. I believe that our era is also an era of paradox because we have more, but are grateful less; we have more knowledge, but less judgment; and we have done larger things, but not better things. As Charles Dickens s ays in his novel â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities†, that the period was so far like the present period. This means that our era isn’t that different then the era of the french revolution. Even though it was many years ago, our era is also an era of paradox. We as humans are still doing things we believe is helping our society but is also destroying it at the same time. Therefore, no matter the era, our periods stay the same, more or less. Saint Francis Xavier C.H.S Charles Dickens novel â€Å"A Tale of Two Cities† Essay- How is our era also an era of paradox? Submitted to: Mr. Hamilton Submitted by: Christina Moskovic Date Due: September 9th, 2013

Childhood Obesity: Causes and Treatments

Childhood Obesity: Causes and Treatments Back few decades, the question of childhood obesity was not an issue to be argued. Our grandparents and parents never inquired the weight of their children at school age, their children, school fellows or any other child they came into contact with. Their children ate healthy foods from the table and played the whole day outside. The matter of childhood weight has altered enough since that time. With the coming of fast foods, play station and Xbox games, our kids live inactive lives and as a result, have become very obese. The epidemic of childhood obesity is quickly growing throughout U.S. In just two decades, the frequency of overweight United States children ages 6 to 11 has doubled up. Obesity has been related to several disorders and conditions in adolescences, such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer. On the whole, about 25 million United State children and adults are obese or nearly obese. This discovering is very distressing to many Americans and has instigated many debates on how to control the rising sizes of our youngsters. The objective of this paper is to investigate the obesity issue in the children in the age they are attending their schools levels. Childhood obesity, you hear about it far and wide. There are advertisements about it on electronic media. Its a very famous issue on mainstream talk shows; even Oprah has an episode about it at least once each term. We all know at least one obese child, and unhappily that rate is rising all the time. Obesity is described as an extreme accumulation of fat that raises body weight by twenty percent or more over ones ideal body weight. Childhood obesity can be instigating by physiological, emotional and familial factors. There is, nevertheless a small ratio of genetic features that can also cause childhood obesity such as problems of the thyroid. While, the main cause of obesity is simply the fact that children eat too much and dont exercise enough. (Okie, 2006) Many factors, generally working together, raise a childs risk of being obese. Eating a large amount of high calorie foods, like baked goods, and vending machine snacks and fast foods surely contributes to weight increase. When purchasing foodstuff, the parents should concentrate on purchasing more vegetables and fresh fruits and stay away from the convenience foods that are high in sugar and fat. Healthy food and drink should always be available and food should never be used as an incentive or a penalty. Children should not be given sweets as a incentive for eating a meal, because this teaches them to place a higher value on desserts and may make desserts more attractive to them rather than the healthy foods. Having an inactive way of living is one more factor that causes to weight gain. Figures show that kids spend at least six and a half hours a day with some type of media, such as playing video games, chatting on the internet and watching television. Children require having at least 1 hour of physical exercise each day and cutting down the media to about two hours a day. The simple way to get children to exercise is to just get them to play games that will keep them physically active like hide and seek. Kids need to be kept active not only to sustain their weight, but also to support healthy bone and muscle growth. Childhood obesity influences the child psychologically as well. Overweight children tend to have lower self respect and therefore pick on other overweight children to compensate for it. They also have the trend to have more nervousness and have poor social expertise as well. In some cases, their overweight can affect their functioning at school and their nervousness may cause some to want to perform out in class, while others become more socially aloof. Children need to be supported to lose weight and maintain a healthy way of living. They should be reminded that their lives do mean something and that theres still punishment of time to make a change in their lives for the better. The earlier they are capable to understand this, the more leaning they are to want to make a change. Parents and caretakers need to be extra helpful particularly at the point where the child is beginning to make small changes at a time. Causes The increase in childhood obesity has many reasons. The main reason of obesity is surely children in school age is eating too much and/or not performing usual physical activities at homes or schools or being inactive. The additional calories that are not capable to burn up through physical activities or exercise will translate into fat, and when this fat becomes excessive and more, one will become overweight. This significance results in weight gain and will vary from kids to kids that was due to few factors such as health issues, physical inactivity, genes as well as psychological problems also reason to weight gain and may be what the causes of obesity are. Even though the main reason of obesity is underlying disorders, however, it is also intimately related to people way of living as well. In the pass, kids like to play sports more frequently, enjoy external activities as forms of entertainment and walk to school. But in these days, children are totally reverse from the past. The sports our children like to do these days are playing computer games, surfing internet, chatting, watching television and any game they select while exercising only their mind, head and hands only. When you combine the poor selections in food and the lack of exercising, there is a high chance that childhood obesity will finish up lead to disorder. Genetics and DNA have been found to be a contributing part in the causes of childhood obesity. Unluckily, some kids are unsurprisingly predisposed to obesity. The environment too performs a role in the reason of obesity. The family home is a significant place to learn about proper nutrition and enough exercise. Habits, Attitude and beliefs about food choices and how to spend family leisure time are crucial factors to forming a healthy relation with food. Kids spend a lot of time in school, their food selections at school become significant and it was influenced by the school eating environment. Contemporary way of living has enhanced our quality of life but also contribute very much too physical inactivity. Cars are utilized for short trips, and the number of walking trips the average American children takes each year have reduced. Nowadays only about 10 percent of public school students walk to school evaluated to the large no of student a generation ago. Treatment Treatment and deterrence of childhood obesity is a constant effort on a lot of unlike parts. According to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academics (IMNA), the meaning of deterrence is â€Å"With regard to obesity, primary prevention represents evading the happening of obesity in a population; secondary deterrence represents early finding of obesity through screening with the reason of restraining its occurrence; and tertiary deterrence engages preventing the sequel of obesity in childhood and adulthood.† Such as parents who perform a role in treating and stopping childhood obesity. Schools can perform a role in the treatment and prevention of childhood obesity. Government management can also perform a role in treatment and deterrence of childhood obesity. Parents can perform a significant role, because the children depend on the parents for daily feeding and constant activities. Some parents who have busy timetable and cannot afford to spend the time on cooking nourishing foods for either breakfast, lunch, or dinner generally just give the children fast food to eat. And when the children are at home the parents generally dont spend time doing out-of-doors activities with their children. In order to control obesity in children at school level Healthy People 2010 presents an inclusive, national health support and disease prevention program. It is designed to serve as a roadmap for increasing the health of all people in the U.S. during the 1st decade of the 21st century. Like the previous Healthy People 2000 initiative—which was driven by an ambitious, yet attainable, 10-year policy for improving the Nations health by the end of the 20th century— Healthy People 2010 is committed to a single, overarching purpose: promoting health and stopping sickness aroused by obesity. Healthy People 2010 focus to increase the health and well-being of all children by stopping childhood obesity and addressing the unique physical, psychological, behavioral, and socioeconomic features that affect childrens health. Take care not to isolate or ostracize obese children, and highlight the significance of healthy habits over cosmetic appearance. Healthy people 2010 present that obesity and other chronic conditions continue to present a serious obstacle to public health. Violence and abusive behavior continue to ravage homes and communities across the country. Mental disorders continue to go undiagnosed and untreated. Obesity in adults has increased 50 percent over the past two decades. It also provides that nearly 40 percent of adults engage in no leisure time physical activity. Healthy people 2010 emphasize schools to perform a main role in the treatment and deterrence of obesity in children. Because children are expending a lot more time in school than at home doing after school courses or children are in daycare. Children spend a lot of money in cold drink and snack machines in schools. According to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academics states that, â€Å"All food and cold drink sold or served to students in school should be healthy and meet an accepted dietary content standard. Nevertheless, many of the competitive foodstuffs now sold in school canteens, selling machines, school fundraisers and school stores are normally high in calories and low in nutritional value. At present, only minimal federal standards exist for the sale of competitive foodstuff in schools. Schools want to propose more physical education in the childrens set of courses according to Healthy People 2010. If schools offer more physical activity in the set of courses and give a better option in lunch menus, then children would be more energetic in the activities that they do. Healthy People 2010 gives that there are some key particulars that schools can follow to assist children give healthy eating behaviors and regular physical activity: Develop and implement dietary standards for all competitive foodstuffs and drinks sold or served in schools; Make sure that all school foods meet the Nutritional Guidelines for Americans; make sure that all children and youth contribute in a minimum of half hour of moderate to energetic physical activity during the school time, containing extended opportunities for physical activity through classes; Improve school health curricula and the use of school health services for obesity deterrence efforts; make sure that schools are as advertisin g-free as possible; Conduct yearly evaluation of students height, weight and body mass index and make that information available to parents; Assess school strategies and practices connected to nutrition, exercise, obesity deterrence. Conclusion In conclusion, Healthy people give that our children for the future are being failed. Healthy living needs to be taken critically. Increasingly households have both parents working full-time jobs to provide shelter, food, and clothing for their families. Providing the basic requirements is not sufficient for a healthy family. Parents need to become more concerned in their childs life. The health concerns of the youth today are instant and warrant urgent preventative actions. Preventing childhood obesity is a combined liability requiring individual, community, corporate, family and governmental commitments. The key will be to implement changes from many ways and at numerous levels, and through teamwork with and between many sectors. A more optimistic role by our nations parents should be taken to lead our children to a healthier future. References Susan Okie. (2006). Fed Up: Winning the War Against Childhood Obesity. New York: Joseph Henry Press. Sandra G. Hassink. (2006). A Parents Guide to Childhood Obesity: A Roadmap to Health. New York: American Academy Of Pediatrics. Ellyn Satter. (2005). Your Childs Weight: Helping without Harming. Florida: Kelcy Press. Donald Schumacher, J. Allen Queen. (2006). Overcoming Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. London: Corwin Press. Frances M. Berg. (2003). Underage and Overweight: Americas Childhood Obesity Epidemic. Chicago: Hatherleigh Press. Denise Alexander, et.al. (2008). Challenges and Findings in Measuring the Behavioral Determinants of Obesity in Children in Europe. New York: Springer. Billy C. Johnson. (2008). New Prescription for Childhood Obesity: Fight Childhood Obesity with Antioxidants Phytonutrients. New York: iUniverse, Inc. Jeffrey P. Koplan. (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health In The Balance. New York: National Academy Press. H. Dele Davies, Hiram E. Fitzgerald. (2007). Obesity in Childhood and Adolescence. New York: Praeger Publishers.

Taxi Driver, Directed by Martin Scorsese Essay -- Film Films Movies Mo

â€Å"Taxi Driver† New York City that is depicted in Taxi Driver seems to be too real to be true. It is a place where violence runs rampant, drugs are cheap, and sex is easy. This world may be all too familiar to many that live in major metropolitan areas. But, in the film there is something interesting, and vibrant about the streets that Travis Bickle drives alone, despite the amount of danger and turmoil that overshadows everything in the nights of the city. In the film â€Å"Taxi Driver† director Martin Scorsese and writer Paul Schrader find and express a trial that many people face, the search for belonging and acceptance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The character of Travis Bickle roams the nights in his taxi cab, and witnesses all of this â€Å"open sewer†, loathing the people who live within it’s realm. Travis is a complex character in his hate for the world in which he works. The streets on which he works are the same streets that he makes his living, and pays his rent, buys his booze, and eventually buys his guns. He is a victim of the world that he hates, because it is the only world he knows. This is viewed best in the scene where Travis takes Betsy to the â€Å"movies†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Travis was in the cafà © with Betsy earlier in the film, it would be hard to say that there was really anything to odd about it. But later on in the film, on Travis and Betsy’s second date, things become clear that Travis has a different understanding of what is socially acceptable. Travis can’t seem to understand why Betsy doesn’t want to go see the pornographic movie that he has taken her to. He thinks that this is a place where couples go, and seems to think that it’s a decent place to go on a date. There is something alluring about Travis’s naivete, something comical, and maybe a little ironic. Travis isn’t naà ¯ve to the world of drugs, sex, and smut; Travis is naà ¯ve to the world of decency, where the majority of society attempts to dwell.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As Travis’s taxi drives down the road, the viewer gets the chance to view the streets through the eyes of Travis. You see things through the windshield and rearview mirrors, all luminescent in the neon glow of the night. The streets are filled with different sorts; prostitutes on the street corners, pimps in the cafes, and homeless people wandering through the mess aimlessly. As film critic Leonard Quart put’s it â€Å"The city seen through Travis’ windshield a... ...ally acceptable world of Betsy, his infatuation, Travis is much of the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Aside the Director, and screenwriter, many people can relate to Travis’s struggle between worlds, and the uncertainty of how to attain status in the better of the two. This film depicts the striving that we take to find morals. This quest isn’t always successful though. This is viewed in â€Å"Taxi Driver† as Travis’s assassination attempt on a presidential candidate, which fails. Film critic Amy Taubin explains this best when she writes, â€Å"†¦.the assassination failed is only fitting, since Taxi Driver is a film steeped in failure—the US failure in Vietnam, the failure of the 1960’s counterculture and†¦the failure of masculinity as a set of behavioral codes on which to mold a life.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The film â€Å"Taxi Driver† is a true undertaking of the human longing to fit in, and be adequate. It depicts all aspects of this, by showing the triumph of Travis’s heroic emancipation of Iris, and the failure of the assassination of the presidential candidate Palentine. â€Å"Taxi Driver† shows all of this in a least expected but very beautiful way, it is a timeless ballad to all unsure, astray, and wandering personalities.

A Journey into Darkness in Heart of Darkness Essay -- Heart Darkness e

A Journey into Darkness in Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Joseph Conrad, in his story, "Heart of Darkness," tells the tale of two mens' realization of the dark and evil side of themselves. Marlow, the "second" narrator of the framed narrative, embarked upon a spiritual adventure on which he witnessed firsthand the wicked potential in everyone.   On his journey into the dark, forbidden Congo, Marlow encountered Kurtz, a "remarkable man" and "universal genius," who had made himself a god in the eyes of the natives over whom he had an imperceptible power.   These two men were, in a sense, images of each other:   Marlow was what Kurtz may have been, and Kurtz was what Marlow may have become.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Like a jewel, "Heart of Darkness" has many facets.   From one view it is an exposure of Belgian methods in the Congo, which at least for a good part of the way sticks closely to Conrad's own experience.   Typically, however, the adventure is related to a larger view of human affairs. Marlow told the story one evening on a yacht in the Thames estuary as darkness fell, reminding his audience that exploitation of one group by another was not new in history.   They were anchored in the river, where ships went out to darkest Africa.   Yet, as lately as Roman times, London's own river led, like the Congo, into a barbarous hinterland where the Romans went to make their profits.   Soon darkness fell over London, while the ships that bore "civilization" to remote parts appeared out of the dark, carrying darkness with them, different only in kind to the darkness they encounter.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These thoughts and feelings were merely part of the tale, for Co... ...ntempt to be a kind of moral heroism.       Works Cited Adelman, Gary. Heart of Darkness: Search for the Unconscious. Boston: Little & Brown, 1987. Bradley, Candice. "Africa and Africans in Conrad's Heart of Darkness." (24 Jan. 1996). Online Internet. 3 October 1998. Available: http://www.lawrence.edu/~johnson/heart. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness. Ed. Robert Kimbrough. 17th ed. New York: Norton, 1988. Levenson, Michael. "The Value of Facts in the Heart of Darkness." Nineteenth-Century Fiction 40 (1985):351-80. Rosmarin, Adena. "Darkening the Reader: Reader Response Criticism and Heart of Darkness." Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness: A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism. Ed. Ross C. Murfin. New York: St. Martin's, 1989. Watt, Ian. Conrad in the Nineteenth Century. San Diego: U. of California P, 1979. 168-200, 249-53.   

Repetition, Diction, and Simile in Cormac McCarthy’s The Crossing Essay

Repetition, Diction, and Simile in Cormac McCarthy’s The Crossing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Cormac McCarthy’s novel The Crossing, there is a dramatic sequence described by the narrator.   The author uses many different techniques to convey the impact of the experience on the narrator.   Some of these such techniques are: repetition, diction, and simile.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of the aforementioned techniques, the most obvious is repetition.   The author uses the word â€Å"and† a total of thirty-three times.   However, the simple usage of the word is not what is to be noticed.   It is the placement of the word that is interesting.   In sentences in which there is mention of the wolf, the word â€Å"and† is used twenty times.   This amount is 150% higher than the amount of times the author chose to include the word â€Å"and† in sentences which did not mention the wolf. There are times in which it would be just as easy, if not easier, for the author to leave out the word â€Å"and†.   For example, McCormac could have said: â€Å"he touched the cold, perfect teeth†.   However, â€Å"and† was again squeezed in for the purpose...

Bag of Bones AUTHOR’S NOTE

To an extent, this novel deals with the legal aspects of child custody in the State of Maine. I asked for help in understanding this subject from my friend Warren Silver, who is a fine attorney. Warren guided me carefully, and along the way he also told me about a quaint old device called the Stenomask, which I immediately appropriated for my own fell purposes. If I've made procedural mistakes in the story which follows, blame me, not my legal resource. Warren also asked me–rather plaintively if I could maybe put a ‘good' lawyer in my book. All I can say is that I did my best in that regard. Thanks to my son Owen for technical support in Woodstock, New York, and to my friend (and fellow Rock Bottom Remainder) Ridley Pearson for technical support in Ketchum, Idaho. Thanks to Pam Dorman for her sympathetic and perceptive reading of the first draft. Thanks to Chuck Verrill for a monumental editing job–your personal best, Chuck. Thanks to Susan Moldow, Nan Graham, Jack Roman s, and Carolyn Reidy at Scribner for care and feeding. And thanks to Tabby, who was there for me again when things got hard. I love you, hon. S.K. Yes, Bartleby, stay there behind your screen, thought I; I shall persecute you no more; you are harmless and noiseless as any of these old chairs; in short, I never feel so private as when I know you are here. ‘Bartleby' HERMAN MELVILLE Last night I dreamt I went to Manderley again . . . As I stood there, hushed and still, I could swear that the house was not an empty shell but lived and breathed as it had lived before. Rebecca DAPHNE DU MAURIER Mars is heaven. RAY BRADBURY

Investments Essay

Checking account is a type of investment to manage personal finances that has both advantages and disadvantages. The primary advantages of checking are to save fees charged by storefronts that offer check cashing services and easy accessibility to funds by writing on checks compared to carrying cash. The disadvantages of checking accounts are overdraft fees when the balance is less than the maintaining balance and less security than ATM cards since it only requires a signature. Money market account offers advantages to account holders to hold emergency funds and money for periodic payments. A higher rate of interest is also offered compared to other types of accounts. Its disadvantages are limited transactions to only 3 deposits and 3 withdrawals every month; potential investment loss since only $250,000 is insured by FDIC; unguaranteed interest rate due to fluctuation; risk of spontaneous spending due to easy accessibility; and risk of withdrawing funds leading to a minimum balance especially when the account is tied to a checking account. Passbook savings account offers the advantages of safety as covered by U. S. federal government insurance companies (FDIC and NCUSIF); immediate access to funds based on the needs of the account holder; and it offers a fairly small interest. Its disadvantages are the limitation on federal insurance of a maximum of $250,000 coverage and the lowest interest rate of passbook accounts compared to all types of savings account. The interest also is subjected to tax returns for the depositor. Certificate of deposits additionally has advantages and disadvantages. It offers flexibility of the terms starting at three months up to five years or more. It means the longer the term, the higher interest rate the depositor will receive at the end of the term. Another advantage is the grace period it offers. Depositors are given commonly a seven-day period to come to a decision whether to extend the term or not. Its disadvantages are the interest rate is fixed, penalty fees when the deposit is withdrawn before maturity date, and automatic rollover when the depositor missed to make a decision on or before the grace period.

How Will Science and Technology Improve Our Future?

Finding Median Graphically Marks inclusive series| Conversion into exclusive series| No. of students| Cumulative Frequency| (x)|   | (f)| (C. M)| 410-419| 409. 5-419. 5| 14| 14| 420-429| 419. 5-429. 5| 20| 34| 430-439| 429. 5-439. 5| 42| 76| 440-449| 439. 5-449. 5| 54| 130| 450-459| 449. 5-459. 5| 45| 175| 460-469| 459. 5-469. 5| 18| 193| 470-479| 469. 5-479. 5| 7| 200| The median value of a series may be determinded through the graphic presentation of data in the form of Ogives. This can be done in 2 ways. 1. Presenting the data graphically in the form of ‘less than' ogive or ‘more than' ogive . . Presenting the data graphically and simultaneously in the form of ‘less than' and ‘more than' ogives. The two ogives are drawn together. 1. Less than Ogive approach Marks| Cumulative Frequency (C. M)| Less than 419. 5| 14| Less than 429. 5| 34| Less than 439. 5| 76| Less than 449. 5| 130| Less than 459. 5| 175| Less than 469. 5| 193| Less than 479. 5| 200| Steps i nvolved in calculating median using less than Ogive approach – 1. Convert the series into a ‘less than ‘ cumulative frequency distribution as shown above . 2. Let N be the total number of students who's data is given.N will also be the cumulative frequency of the last interval. Find the (N/2)th  item(student) and mark it on the y-axis. In this case the (N/2)th  item (student) is 200/2 = 100th  student. 3. Draw a perpendicular from 100 to the right to cut the Ogive curve at point A. 4. From point A where the Ogive curve is cut, draw a perpendicular on the x-axis. The point at which it touches the x-axis will be the median value of the series as shown in the graph. The median turns out to be 443. 94. 2. More than Ogive approach More than marks| Cumulative Frequency (C. M)| More than 409. 5| 200| More than 419. 5| 186| More than 429. | 166| More than 439. 5| 124| More than 449. 5| 70| More than 459. 5| 25| More than 469. 5| 7| More than 479. 5| 0| Steps involve d in calculating median using more than Ogive approach – 1. Convert the series into a ‘more than ‘ cumulative frequency distribution as shown above . 2. Let N be the total number of students who's data is given. N will also be the cumulative frequency of the last interval. Find the (N/2)th  item(student) and mark it on the y-axis. In this case the (N/2)th  item (student) is 200/2 = 100th  student. 3. Draw a perpendicular from 100 to the right to cut the Ogive curve at point A. . From point A where the Ogive curve is cut, draw a perpendicular on the x-axis. The point at which it touches the x-axis will be the median value of the series as shown in the graph. The median turns out to be 443. 94. 3. Less than and more than Ogive approach Another way of graphical determination of median is through simultaneous graphic presentation of both the less than and more than Ogives. 1. Mark the point A where the Ogive curves cut each other. 2. Draw a perpendicular from A on the x-axis. The corresponding value on the x-axis would be the median value.

Hellenistic Art Essay

During the campaign of Alexander the Great as the greatest conqueror of his time, his father, Philip of Macedon tried to unite the Greek city-states. During this time, Hellenistic period was born creating a major advancement on their art. It was also in this period, that a global battle in commerce and cultural influences which are apparently dominated by the Greeks. The Greek Hellenistic period span from 323 B. C. up to the Battle of Actio in 31 B. C. The Hellenistic period paved the way to many transformations of Greek art. Though the Classical concepts in art were not thoroughly abandoned, the birth of the Hellenistic period made the artists create different and unique art concepts. The artists during this time explored and manipulated their imagination on their subject. It was also during this period that higher degree of Naturalism took place as a logical conclusion to great sculptors like Praxitelis and Lysipos whose works demanded for the art representation of the human figure. In a Greek art (Boy Jockey), the bold expression of energy and power during great pressure was represented. The change of focus of the Hellenistic art from religious and naturalistic ideas and concepts to human expressions, psychological concern and theatrical background, paved the way to the sculptures that includes the natural physical surroundings with creative landscaping and theatrical groupings. The Nike of Samothrace is a sculpture that embraced the true meaning and understood the world through the application of certain techniques and aesthetic conventions. The winged goddess with her outstretched wings gracefully prevents the stone from falling due to gravity. The sculpture also represented the physical human presence and the external force within it. The representation evidently speaks for the Greeks acceptance of the physical power of human being and all other external forces acting on it. The Hellenistic art in sculpture also represents human condition, state of mind and inconsequential moments of life. It is represented through sculpture like a sleepy satyr, an old woman, a twist of torso and the swing of Aphrodite’s sandal. The statue of the beautiful Venus was contrasted by the monstrous appearance of Pan who happens to seduce her as she attempts to repel him with her smile. During this period, the statues of Aphrodite, Eros, Dionysius, Pan and Hermaphrodites were manipulated in styles and configurations to give way to the theme of eroticism. In order to represent the unique physical beauty of women and the Greek world, statues of female nudes gain popularity. The statues of Venus in various orientations and poses were created and displayed in halls of many museums i around the world. Among the greatest work that personifies beauty is the sculpture of Venus de Milo. Many Hellenistic sculptors were not contented in depicting the true physical appearance of their subject. They included some variation through express the inner world. These variations were characterized through the depiction of physical characteristics that deceived inner feelings and thoughts. The most important work considered during that time is the statue of Hygea which combined the concepts of Classical Greek art in its refinement and Hellenistic aesthetic ideals on its facial expression of concern to the previous condition that existed before her. Works Cited â€Å"Art of Ancient Greece. † Museum Quality. 29 April 2009 http://www. huntfor. com/arthistory/ancient/anc_greek. htm Green, Peter. Alexander The Great and the Hellenistic Age. Orion Publishing Group Limited, 2008.

Black Panther Party Research Essay Research Paper

Black Panther Party Research Essay, Research Paper Guns, Social Welfare, and Revolution: The Black Panther Party In late September of 1966, at a little poorness centre in North Oakland, Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale began to outline the Ten-Point Platform and Program, therefore making the Black Panther Party for Self Defense. From this creative activity rose a complex patriot organisation with chapters throughout the United States that sought to educate the people politically, and from that instruction give the people the desire to ramp a revolution in order to hold their demands and political docket fulfilled. The Black Panther Party was the prototype of the patriot option throughout the late sixties and 70s, and they had the demand to make alteration within what they believed to be the racist power construction of the United States. The Black Panther Party was able to form the people, and take portion in actions that would assist to implement societal alteration. The Panthers created timeserving plans for the Black young person in order to assist construct up the community. In add-on, the Panthers besides staged many presentations and protests that non merely brought together the Black community, but besides benefited the cause of equal rights. Despite all of the good facets that the Black Panther Party brought to the Black community and civil rights motion ( or possibly because of these facets ) , the F.B.I. and United States authorities believed the Panthers to be one of the United States greatest internal jobs. In hindsight, it becomes obvious that the US power construction was flawed in their apprehension of the Black Panther Party and their ends. Yet, in malice of this misinterpretation, the Black Panther Party was able to somewhat forestall the authorities s flawed manner of analyzing political groups to predominate into the hereafter by agencies of the Panther s bequest. The Black Panther Party was created on the belief that the United States was structurally racist, and that this racism was trying to genocide the Black race. The Black Panther Party believed that to antagonize this racism, they needed to destruct the power construction, and replace it with a merely system of authorities. Racism was non merely some self-conceived impression taken up among the members of the Black Panther Party. Racism had been happening in America by agencies of the slave trade even before the United States was called the United States. With the terminal of bondage, it was expected that Blacks would be able to incorporate into the remainder of American society and be provided with the warrants of all work forces populating in the United States as determined by the Constitution. However, it was non expected that the white community would be as opposed to this alteration as they were. The ultimate signifier of racism was portrayed in the White supremacist group the Ku Klux Klan. This group terrorized Black people throughout the South, every bit good as any sympathisers of the Black battle. In 1930 Dr. Arthur Raper was commissioned to bring forth a study on lynching, at the clip a much excessively frequent pattern in the South. He discovered that there were 3,724 people reported lynches in the United States from 1889 through to 1930. Over four-fifths of the peopled that were lynched were Negroes, and less than one-sixth of whom were accused of colza. Practically all of the lynchers were Whites. Of the 10s of 1000s of lynchers and looker-ons, merely 49 were indicted and merely 4 have been sentenced. In 1935 President Franklin D. Roosevelt refused to back up an anti-lynching measure because he argued that the white electors in the South would neer forgive him and decline to vote for him at the following election. The tolerance that the constabulary and the authorities had for lynching showed the disregard of the President and Congress in doing appropriate statute law and implementing that statute law to halt the pattern of lynching. As the laden began to contend back against the oppressors throughout the Civil Rights motion, the pattern of lynching began to slowly lessening, nevertheless, the force against Blacks persisted. Thirty old ages after Dr. Raper s study on lynches, rabble force and constabulary ferociousness against Blacks still occurred on a regular basis in the United States ; the authorities was still non looking out for Black Americans. In 1966, police ferociousness was a job in many countries of the state. The freshly formed Black Panther Party for Self Defense sent a strong message in turn toing this job: they wanted constabularies ferociousness to halt, and to make this they proposed the maneuver of self-defence. The thought of self-defense, along with the group s chauvinistic positions is portrayed in the Black Panther Party s ten-point plan. The Ten-Point Program was based on simplenesss that any citizen of the United States would want. Composed by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, the Ten-Point Program became a cardinal constituent in the organisation of the group. The plan stresses freedom for those who were being oppressed, and an terminal to the inhibitory authorities. The Program besides strongly advocated the usage of guns for self-defence and stressed the 2nd Amendment. With 1000s of transcripts of the Ten-Point Program in manus, Newton, Seale, and Bobby Hutton went throughout the Black community jointing the Program to the people, garnering support. The three so went on to put up the 1st official central office of the Black Panther Party in North Oakland. After the creative activity of this office in Northern Oakland, involvement in the Black Panther Party began to increase throughout Oakland ; subsequently this involvement spread on a national degree, with chapters in 48 provinces, and a few international chapters every bit good. The Black Panther Party was in all facets of the term, a nationalist group. The Panthers felt that the authorities was incapable of supplying a merely authorities for all work forces, peculiarly Black work forces, and that the authorities should be replaced with a system that could see justness. The Black Panther Party s Ten-Point Program accurately inside informations this end. The Ten-Point Program was a basic desire for Black America to acquire what White America was granted without inquiry, and what Black America had been deprived of. The Programs demands were simple: freedom to find the fate of Black communities, full employment, an terminal to development of Black communities by Capitalists, nice lodging, wellness attention, an terminal to patrol ferociousness, an terminal to war, and tests for Blacks with a Black jury as opposed to an all White jury. To be granted these demands, the Ten-Point Program provinces, it is their [ the Black community s ] right, it is their responsib ility, to throw off such authorities, and to supply new guards for their future security. The Ten-Point Program and Platform boldly called for an overthrow of the authorities, and encouraged people to take up weaponries to protect themselves against these fascist constabulary forces. The Panther s were recommending radical alteration, and the people were listening. One of the grounds that the Black Panther Party was able to garner and keep so much support throughout the Black community was because they were genuinely concerned with breaking the community. Before the sta rt of the party, Huey Newton and Bobby Seale were both involved in the North Oakland Neighborhood Anti-Poverty Center. At this centre Newton was a community organiser, while Seale was the chief of a young person work undertaking. This experience in working with the community doubtless helps to explicate why most of the societal plans that the Black Panther Party developed were so successful. The plans created by the Black Panther Party, which were operated by Party members, were referred to as SPR or survival pending revolution. The first such plan was the Free Breakfast for Children Program. At its tallness, the plan was a immense success, feeding 200,000 kids daily. The plan started in a Catholic church in the Fillmore territory of San Francisco, so spread to every major metropolis in America where there was a Party chapter. Other societal services that the Black Panther Party began to supply were free wellness clinics, food market giveaways, the fabrication and distribution of fre e places, school and instruction plans, senior conveyance and service plans, free bussing to prisons and prisoner support plans, and legal assistance plans, among many others. For the most portion, these plans were all successful in supplying Blacks and other minorities with much needed societal services. Some plans were so successful, such as the Free Breakfast for Children Program, that the authorities was forced to follow similar plans throughout the state. Peoples within Black and White Communities began to recognize that the Black Panther Party was more than a clump of Black work forces with guns ; people began to recognize that the Black Panther Party could supply some replies to jobs within the community. Despite being criticized by the FBI as transporting out a Communist docket with SPR, the Black Panther Party was able to set together over 35 societal plans for the improvement of the community. Not merely was the Black Panther Party was able to supply many societal benefits for the community ; the Black Panther Party was besides highly active in the Black political battle and release motion. The Panther s called for an terminal to subjugation and offered revolution as an option. They were able to politically educate and form immature Blacks who were willing to contend for the party. In Oakland, the Black Panther Party invariably patrolled the hogs with guns in an effort to forestall constabulary ferociousness. The Panthers educated themselves on every gun jurisprudence on the books and were able to avoid being arrested in most instances ; nevertheless, in some cases, members of the Black Panther Party were arrested merely for the fact that they were Black work forces with guns. A polar event for the Black Panther Party occurred due to patrol over exerting their power and hassling Huey P. Newton and Bobby Hutton because they had guns. The result of Newton and Hutton s confro ntation with the constabulary left Hutton and a police officer dead, and landed Newton behind bars for manslaughter. The resulting Free Huey motion brought together the community every bit much as any other action that the Black Panthers took portion in. Young Whites, angry at America over the Vietnam War, joined immature urban Blacks in mass meetings to intone in unison: Free Huey! The laden combat back against his oppressors was a message that any adult male, Black or White, could appreciate. The will of the people in their battle to liberate Huey was able to assist Huey Newton acquire out of gaol three old ages after his apprehension, acquitted of all charges. Another case when the Black Panther s used their power to act upon political relations was when a group of Black Panthers, led by Bobby Seale, stormed into the California State Legislature to protest a gun-control measure. The group delivered their message to the legislative assembly, and was subsequently arrested in path b ack to Oakland. All of the members arrested spent a short clip in gaol for upseting the peace, but were neer convicted of any offense. The fact of the affair was that the Black Panther Party made their political voice heard. Despite being arrested and imprisoned, the message that the Panther s were seeking to acquire across was heard, and there was no manner that the White power construction could halt it. With the formation of the Black Panther Party and their chauvinistic positions within Ten-Point Program and Platform, the Black Panther Party had an enemy. The group that opposed the Black Panther Party the most was the F.B.I. The F.B.I. Director, J. Edgar Hoover, called the Black Panther Party the greatest menace to the internal security of the U.S. The F.B.I. viewed the formation of societal plans by the Black Panther Party as forcing a Communist docket. Alternatively of dissecting the message that the Black Panther Party was seeking to acquire across, the power construction could merely see Black work forces with guns. The F.B.I. made it a end to stop the organisation of the Black Panther Party in 1969. The most utile arm that the F.B.I. had in their armory to destruct the Black Panther Party was a counterintelligence plan competently name COINTELPRO. Through the usage of this plan the F.B.I. was able to destruct the party by agencies of its field offices and the aid of local cons tabulary. These bureaus frequently were involved in covert activities that involved slaying and mayhem. With the slayings and apprehensions of much of the hierarchy of the Black Panther organisation, the party began to easy demise throughout the seventies. A brief resurgence occurred in 1977 when Huey Newton returned to Oakland after several old ages of expatriate, but internal struggle within the party and continued F.B.I. activities brought the Party to an about nonexistent province by the 1980s. The Black Panther Party was founded on the thought that the power construction of the United States was racialist, and that it needed to be replaced. In trying to accomplish this end of revolution, the Panthers were able to construct up the community to convey people together, and allow their voice be heard. Many of the societal plans that the Panthers implemented have survived into the present twenty-four hours. Despite the best attempts of the F.B.I. to destruct the Jaguars and their ideals, the Panthers bequest of Black political power and community service will populate on forever. Plants Cited Black 3Community Bulletin: San Francisco Edition. Black Panther Party, Ministry of Information. August 1970. Chemical bond, Julian. A Time to Speak, A Time to Act: The Movement in Politics. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1972. Cagno and Lolley. The Bequest of the Black Panthers. . Hilliard, Daivd. This Side of Glory: The Autobiography of David Hilliard and the Story of the Black Panther Party. Boston: Small Brown, 1993. Jones, Charles E. The Black Panther Party Reconsidered. Baltimore: Black Classic Press, 1998. Marine, Gene. The Black Panthers. New York: New American Library, 1979. Schanche, Don A. The Panther Paradox: A Liberal s Dilemma. New York: David McKay Company, Inc. , 1970. Spartacus Education. 9 April 2001 The Black Panther Party and its Annihilation by COINTELPRO. . The Huey P. Newton Foundation. .

Transformational Leadership and how used in the hospitality industry Essay

Transformational Leadership and how used in the hospitality industry can increase profitablity - Essay Example chniques of good listening, hones and open communication, delegating, conflict resolution skills, etc.,† It is generally accept that good leadership is essential to the functioning of an organization. Organizations are constantly seeking leaders with a set of skills at all levels, which can inspire team members to achieve goals and earn the loyalty of customers. Leadership is the process of interaction between situations among team members. Thus, an effective leadership is contingent upon a number of variables, such as trait, leading styles, communications skills, conflict resolutions, and be able to motivate team members. Every team member also has a responsibility that specifies his or her involvement. Teams are set forth to establish roles to accomplish common goals. All team members should have a clear idea of their own roles, own duties, and responsibilities in the team and have a good understanding of how they contribute to achieve the team’s goal. The role given to every single member of the team should reveal their individual strengths as much as possible to maximize each member’s contribute to the fulfilment of the team’s objectives (Bass& Riggio 2005 p45). It is important that the abilities and skills of the employees must have to be brought out in order to fully perform in their duties and obligations in the workplace. The more proficient the member the success of the team is also ensured. A team member is usually chosen based on their expertise, qualities, and what he or she can provide for the team. Therefore, an effective leader should understand his or her team memb er’s strengths and weakness to properly assigned tasks. Transformational leadership is a very important present-day theory of leadership. This leadership style is effective for successful organizational change management. Burns believed that all behaviour regarding leadership is transactional or transformational in nature. Transactional behaviours are "mainly oriented for

Personal Development Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Personal Development Planning - Essay Example PDP accommodates a number of approaches towards learning that link planning (the individual’s purposes and goals for accomplishments and learning) and recording (these are experiences, ideas and thoughts that assist the individual to comprehend and evidence the outcomes and process of learning). PDP also links reflection (analysis and evaluation of experiences and the outcomes of learning) and doing (making the actions straight with the intentions) (The Higher Education Academy 2011). List and Schedule of Accessing Readily Accessible Data on the Current Job and Career A personal professional development plan contains three main components and they include pathways, goals and the portfolio (Boreen, Johnson, and Niday 2009, p144). In personal development planning, a portfolio can be used in learning. Thus, a portfolio of learning is concerned with the evidence that learning took place. In other words, it is a physical proof that the learning process took place (Attwood and While 2000, p10). The professional model focuses on the improvement of a particular professional linked with employability in that particular field (Bradley and Clegg 2006, p64). Some of the information or data that can be readily accessed regarding an individual’s current job role and career include job descriptions, person specifications, list of competencies, company literature, professional literature, relevant websites, company, government, news media and others. These data describe the individual and they are the basis for professional development and acquiring professional identity. In other words, they describe the person in full both in academic and non-academic terms. It is a holistic view of the individual and this is what constitutes personal development planning. A List of Academic Journals and Books Source: Bradley, S. & Clegg, S. (2006) Models of personal development planning: Practice and processes. British Educational Research Journal, 32(1), pp57-76. The focus of the journal is on the models of personal development planning. The academic journal offers models that can be used for personal development planning; three models are given and they are academic, employment and professional models. These models are important in developing and enhancing personal development. Thus, in this study, the academic journal will be vital in providing information concerning personal development planning. Source: Boreen, J., Johnson, M. K. & Niday, D. (2009) Mentoring beginning teachers: Guiding, reflecting, coaching, Stenhouse Publishers. The core focus of the book is mentoring beginning teachers and one of the steps used here to mentor them is personal development planning. In regard to personal development planning, the book specifically focuses on individual professional development plan. This section provides beginning teachers with detailed information of how they can become professional teachers. In other words, it offers the current picture of the tea chers (as beginners) and what they aspire to be (that is, professional teachers). Thus, the book is essential for this study. Source: Attwood, M. & While, R. (2000) Professional development: A guide for general practice, Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. The theme of the book is professional development for individuals in the general practice. Personal development planning has been elaborated in this book concerning professionals in the general

Aspects of contracts and negligence Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aspects of contracts and negligence - Assignment Example If it is accepted then a contract is made. In Gibson v Manchester City Council - CA [1978] 1 WLR 520, Manchester City council was being managed by Conservative Party which worked with a policy of selling city council’s premises. Gibson made an application for information of his house and terms of mortgage on the council’s form (McKendrick, 2005; p. 47). The council replied by stating that it was prepared to sell the house at a purchase price of  £2,725 less 20% =  £2,180 which was not to be taken as an offer. Gibson filed in the application form with the exception of the purchase price and took it back to the council. The labor party took over and stopped all the sales where Gibson was informed that he could not complete the contract. Gibson sued the council on claims that the contract was already executable. It was ruled by the House of Lords there existed no contract because the parties had not come to a material agreement of the contract. For a valid contract to be executed, the offer must be accepted by the other party. The acceptance must be conveyed to the offeree, the agreement must be assured and the terms of accepting the offer must be precisely the same to the terms contained in the offer. In Entorres v Miles Far East [1955] 2 QB 327  the plaintiff delivered a telex message from England promising to buy 100 tons of Cathodes from Miles Far East in Holland. A telex message was sent back to the petitioner from Holland to England accepting the terms of the offer (McKendrick, 2005; p. 51). The issue was for the court to determine the point at which the contract was executable. In case the acceptance was valid from the time the telex message was delivered the contract was created in Holland hence Dutch law would come into force. In case the telex message of acceptance took place upon the receipt in England the agreement would be presided over by English law. It was held that; to amount to a valid acceptance the acceptance was required to be